This regularly-updated summary emphasizes that the Delta Variant is far more contagious but that vaccines, in combination with masking, remain the best form of protection.
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This survey study of more than 500,000 U.S. households finds that after schools implemented seven or more mitigation strategies, there was no longer a relationship between attending school and contracting COVID-19.
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This in-depth case study documents COVID-19 cases that occurred among Marin County, California, elementary school students and their contacts following exposure to an unvaccinated infected teacher. The case highlights the importance of mitigation best practices, including masking and vaccination.
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This review of research on COVID-19, updated to reflect recent research on physical distancing, finds that implementing multilayered mitigation strategies can limit in-school transmission. However, research shows that school outbreaks can and do occur when mitigation strategies are not implemented or followed.
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This webpage includes executive summaries of the most up-to-date research involving children and COVID-19, including the top 10 epidemiological papers on transmission.
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This research synthesis summarizes findings from international studies on the health and transmission rates of early childhood and elementary-age students. These students contract the virus at lower rates and have less severe symptoms.
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This research summary of 11 studies reveals that early learning programs are not associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection when providers follow proper mitigation measures.
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This study concludes that a rapid-testing program (Test to Play + Test to Stay) in Utah high schools helped to keep schools open and allowed extracurricular activities to continue, resulting in over 100,000 instructional days saved across the state.
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In this study of over 50,000 U.S. child care programs, there was no association between exposure to child care and COVID-19. Findings should be interpreted within the context of the mitigation strategies—including small group sizes, cohorting, frequent handwashing and disinfection, symptom screening, and social distancing.
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This page, regularly updated with survey and qualitative data analyses, reveals the extent to which parents have vaccinated their children and their attitudes toward vaccine mandates.
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This two-page FAQ explains what symptoms to expect after receiving the vaccines, particularly the second dose, as well as their safety and efficacy.
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This article synthesizes several studies to emphasize that there is little evidence of schools contributing to increased community transmission. The authors recommend restricting indoor dining and indoor sports when cases are high in order to reduce community spread and keep schools open.
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In this Mississippi contact tracing study, researchers found that attending school or child care was not associated with positive COVID-19 test results.
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This brief compiles information on health and safety guidelines—focusing on attendance, social distancing, hygiene, and cleaning—employed by five countries (China, Denmark, Norway, Singapore, and Taiwan) when they reopened schools in spring 2020.
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This study of 335 schools in 6 states found that pooled PCR (nose swab) routine testing reduced in-school transmission as long as schools had considerable support, including detailed operational guidance, resources, and community buy-in.
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After studying 11 North Carolina school districts (100,000 students/staff) over 9 weeks of in-person instruction, researchers found that within-school infections were extremely rare. There were no instances of child-to-adult transmission from August 15 to October 23, 2020.
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This article, which is frequently updated, provides the latest information on vaccination rates by state, race, and ethnicity.
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This study of Georgia elementary schools in November and December 2020 finds lower incidence of COVID-19 in schools that made ventilation improvements and in schools that required staff to wear masks.
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This FAQ states that individuals who have been infected with COVID-19 should still sign up for the vaccine, as re-infection is possible. It also makes clear that the vaccine cannot make individuals sick or alter their DNA.
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This CDC study documents breakthrough infections among a cluster of fully vaccinated adults in Massachusetts attending Fourth of July festivities. Of those who had breakthrough infections, four (1.2%) were hospitalized; two of the four had underlying medical conditions.
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This study of 85 San Francisco community learning hubs, which were established to facilitate remote learning during building closures, found that multiple mitigation policies prevented most COVID-19 infection.
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This research reveals that across two high school wrestling tournaments in Florida, a majority of athletes tested positive for COVID-19, resulting in transmission from students to families and in one death.
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This study, conducted from December 2020 through January 2021 in an Atlanta, GA, school district, found that indoor sports carried the highest risk of spreading COVID-19, followed by staff meetings or lunches. It also found that staff were more likely than students to contract COVID-19 in school.
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This article highlights strategies used by other countries, including underwriting the costs of testing, tracing, and physical distancing as well as opening gradually, beginning with elementary grades. Where these investments have not occurred, schools have had to close due to outbreaks.
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This study finds that 40% of surveyed Black families and more than 25% of Latino/a families have expressed hesitation about sending their children back to school in the fall, significantly higher proportions than White families. The authors conclude that schools need to continue communicating and consistently reaching out to families about local school safety precautions, virus caseloads, and vaccination rates among teachers and students.
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This article emphasizes that the long-term risks to children from the vaccine are far lower than the risks associated with COVID-19 infection.
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